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Types and own colors

Leave out a kind of road, park, or building, or give it its own color, size, or height.

Three layers split their contents into kinds that can be set one by one:

Road types: Under Roads: Highways, Main roads, Streets, Service roads, Pedestrian streets, Footpaths, Cycleways, Tracks, Railways, Trams & metro, Racetracks, and Airports.
Sub-types: Inside Highways, Main roads, Streets, Service roads, Footpaths, Railways, Trams & metro, and Airports, inside the Parks, Paved, Sand, Rock, and Snow & ice surfaces, and inside Farmland under Parks: the kinds each is made of, like primary, secondary, and tertiary roads under Main roads, runways, taxiways, aprons, and helipads under Airports, beaches, dunes, and bunkers under Sand, or fields, orchards, and vineyards under Farmland.
Surfaces: Under Parks and land cover: Paved, Sand, Rock, Parks, Forest, and Snow & ice. Paved starts off. Parks has 13 sub-types, from public parks, running tracks, and golf courses to farmland and nature reserves. Paved has pedestrian areas and plazas, Sand has beaches, dunes, bunkers, and other sand, Rock has bare rock and scree, and Snow & ice has glaciers and satellite snow & ice.
Building types: Under Buildings: Homes, Shops & offices, Industrial, Places of worship, Schools & universities, Hospitals, Public buildings, Sports & entertainment, Stations & parking, Sheds & garages, Farm buildings, and Other buildings.
Tall buildings: Also under Buildings, and off by default. Tick Own color to print every building at least 150 m tall in a color of its own, to pick out the skyline. At least sets another height.

Change one kind

Open the layer under Layers, then click the name of the kind in its list. For a sub-type, open its type or surface first, then click the sub-type under Sub-types.
Untick the kind to leave it out of the model.
Or tick Own color, Fixed width, Own height, Own height scale, or Own placement, depending on the list, and set the value.
Generate the model again to see the change.

Each kind in its own color is a separate part with its own filament, and shows up under Colors. Once it has its own color, changing that color doesn't need the model generated again.

Notes

Once the model is generated, each kind and sub-type shows how many the model has, like 356 here. Use it to see which kinds matter in this area.
A sub-type left as it is prints like the rest of its type or surface, with whatever color, width, height, or placement that has. Set one on the sub-type to print it differently. Unticking the type or surface leaves out all of its sub-types.
In Surfaces, the one higher in the list wins where two overlap. Use the arrows to change the order.
Fairways & greens look like Golf courses until they have their own color or height.
Airport paving has no Fixed width: runways and taxiways print as wide as they're mapped. Where kinds of airport paving with their own color or height meet, runways are printed across, then taxiways, helipads, and aprons. Roads, paths, and railways stop at the edge of a runway and cross the rest of the paving.
Airfields are off by default. On, they fill airport grounds with grass so the ground between runways isn't bare.
Running tracks are off by default too. On, they print in a color of their own, so the oval shows around the field inside it, in a stadium too.
Many buildings are mapped without a use, so they count as Other buildings.
Where two kinds of road meet, the taller one is printed across the junction. At the same height, the more important one is.

Examples

Raise the highways to 0.8 mm, a layer over the other roads, and give them their own color so they stand out. If they're taller than that, a route along them sits below their top.
Print the railways in black and leave the trams out.
Give primary roads their own color and a wider fixed width, so the main routes through a town stand out from the secondary and tertiary roads.
Leave out alleys and steps but keep the other service roads and footpaths.
In wine country, give vineyards their own color so they stand out from the fields around them.
Leave out farmland in the countryside, where it would cover everything in green.
Leave out sheds and garages, which print as specks in the suburbs.
Give places of worship their own color and a larger height scale.